Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins ... Common name: isoleucine, d-isoleucine, l-isoleucine, dl-isoleucineIt is classified as a non-polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), branched-chain, aliphatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and must be ingested in our diet. Isoleucine is synthesized from pyruvate employing leucine biosynthesis enzymes in other organisms such as bacteria.[2] It is encoded by the codons AUU, AUC, and AUA.
Isoleucine, as one of the branched chain amino acids, is also critical in physiological functions of the whole body, such as growth, immunity, protein metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and glucose transportation. Isoleucine can improve the immune system, including immune organs, cells and reactive substances.
The estimated average requirement (EAR) of branched-chain amino acids is 68 mg/kg/day (leucine 34 mg, isoleucine 15 mg, valine 19 mg) for adults
Isoleucine (Ile) is a precursor for the biosynthesis of anteiso-fatty acids in rat skin, and among the four possible stereoisomers of Ile, L-Ile, and L-allo-Ile were selectively used for biosynthesis of anteiso-fatty acids. This study examined the optical rotation of anteiso-fatty acid derived from DL-Ile to ascertain its stereo-configuration. Specific rotation of anteiso-fatty acid derived from DL-Ile favorably compared with that derived from L-Ile, suggesting he selective biosynthesis of the (S)-enantiomer of anteiso-fatty acid n rat skin.